An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program This is a list of human spaceflight programs, including successful programs, programs that were canceled, and programs planned for the future. The criteria for what constitutes human spaceflight vary. The FAI defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres . However, in the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft A spacecraft is a craft or machine designed for spaceflight. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, earth observation, meteorology, navigation, planetary exploration and space tourism. Spacecraft and space travel are common themes in works of science fiction. While generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists.[1][2]
Until 2003, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military, or by civilian space agencies. With the sub-orbital flight of the privately-funded SpaceShipOne SpaceShipOne is a rocket-powered aircraft that completed the first privately funded human spaceflight on June 21, 2004 in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The FAI defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres of altitude. In the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 80 kilometres (50 miles) are eligible to purchase astronaut wings. Until 2003, professional space.
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Helium
Jerrie Cobb was the first woman to pass NASA's rigorous Astronaut Training in the 1950's, proving her mettle alongside the famed ...
